Insights

Articles on regulations, compliance, and technology law.
Practical analysis without legal jargon.

Cybersecurity

NIS2 in Poland — Who Is Affected and What Must You Implement? A 2026 Practical Guide

Poland’s National Cybersecurity System Act (NIS2) enters into force on 3 April 2026. Check if your company qualifies as an essential or important entity and what obligations apply.

Regulations

AI Act 2026 — What Your Company Must Do: A Practical Guide

Risk classification, provider/deployer obligations, fines up to €35M, and a practical AI Act implementation plan before August 2026.

Business Law

AML Obligations in Poland — Who They Apply To and How to Implement Compliance

Poland\'s AML Act imposes obligations on an expanding group of businesses. How to implement procedures and avoid fines.

Regulations

Second Veto — Poland Still Without MiCA Implementation

President Nawrocki vetoed the crypto-assets bill for the second time on February 12, 2026.

Disputes

Restructuring Instead of Bankruptcy — 4 Rescue Procedures for Your Business

Restructuring helps avoid bankruptcy and preserve the business. An overview of 4 restructuring procedures and when to use them.

Tech Law

B2B SaaS Agreement — Key Clauses You Should Negotiate

A practical guide to the clauses that matter most in B2B SaaS agreements.

Fintech

Cross-Border Payments — Regulatory Landscape for Polish Fintechs

From PSD2 to PSD3/PSR — the regulatory framework for cross-border payments is evolving.

Business Law

Joint Venture — Contractual vs. Equity JV and Deadlock Resolution

A joint venture is a popular form of business cooperation. Contractual vs. equity JV, IP protection, and deadlock resolution mechanisms.

Disputes

Limitation Periods — Deadlines, Interruption, and Common Pitfalls

Claims expire after 3 or 6 years in Poland. How to calculate deadlines, interrupt limitation, and avoid losing your claims.

Startup

Fractional GC vs. External Law Firm — A Cost Comparison

Three models of legal support for startups compared: hourly law firm, Fractional GC, and in-house counsel.

Business Law

E-Commerce Terms — Right of Withdrawal, Omnibus Directive, and Unfair Clauses

E-commerce terms must comply with consumer protection law. 14-day withdrawal right, Omnibus Directive, and unfair contract terms.

Regulations

DSA's First Major Fine — €120M for X (Twitter)

The European Commission fined X €120 million for DSA violations. What this precedent means for all online platforms operating in the EU.

Regulations

Poland's MiCA Veto — What It Means for the Crypto Market

President Nawrocki vetoed the Crypto-Assets Market Act on December 1, 2025. Analysis of the impact on Polish crypto firms and available strategies.

Disputes

Shareholder Disputes in a Sp. z o.o. — Exclusion, Buyout, and Other Solutions

Shareholder conflicts can paralyze a company. An overview of legal tools — from exclusion to judicial dissolution.

Regulations

Digital Omnibus — What the EU's Simplification Package Means for Tech

The European Commission published the Digital Omnibus on November 19, 2025 — proposing sweeping changes to the AI Act, GDPR, NIS2, and DORA.

Business Law

Non-Compete Clauses — Employees vs. B2B and Enforcement

Non-compete for employees requires 25% compensation. B2B rules differ. How to draft and enforce non-compete clauses effectively.

Disputes

UODO Proceedings — GDPR Enforcement and Fines Up to €20 Million

Poland's data protection authority can impose fines up to €20 million for GDPR violations. How inspections work and how to defend effectively.

GDPR

GDPR Audit for Startups — What to Check Before Series A

VC investors increasingly scrutinize GDPR compliance during due diligence. A practical checklist for startups preparing for their funding round.

Business Law

Setting Up a Sp. z o.o. — S24, Articles of Association, and Registration

Setting up a sp. z o.o. via S24 takes 24 hours, traditionally 2-4 weeks. Costs, required documents, and common founder mistakes.

Disputes

Debt Enforcement — How to Effectively Recover Debts in Poland

Winning a lawsuit is only half the battle. A practical guide to bailiff enforcement — from choosing a bailiff to actio pauliana.

Startup

ESOP in a Polish Sp. z o.o. — A Practical Guide

Poland has no dedicated ESOP legislation, yet equity incentive programs are essential for startups. How to structure an ESOP in a sp. z o.o.

Disputes

Contractual Penalties — When Courts Reduce Them and How to Defend

Contractual penalties are a powerful tool, but courts can reduce them. How to draft clauses and defend against excessive penalties.

Regulations

MiCA Transitional Period — How CASPs Should Prepare Before July 2026

MiCA's transitional period ends July 1, 2026. A practical roadmap for crypto-asset service providers preparing for full authorization.

Business Law

SaaS and License Agreement — Key Provisions for Providers and Clients

A SaaS agreement is not a traditional license. SLA, exit strategy, vendor lock-in, and IP ownership — what to negotiate on both sides.

Regulations

DSA Transparency Reporting — New Standardized Rules from July 2025

From July 1, 2025, all platforms subject to the DSA must use standardized transparency reporting templates. What changed and how to comply.

Regulations

EU AI Act — GPAI Obligations Now in Force

As of August 2, 2025, GPAI model providers must comply with the EU AI Act. What are the key obligations and how to prepare for the high-risk system rules coming in 2026?

Business Law

GDPR Compliance — Step-by-Step Implementation Guide for Businesses

GDPR implementation is mandatory for every business processing personal data. RoPA, DPA, DPO — a practical guide to key requirements.

Disputes

Board Liability for Company Debts Under Art. 299 of the Polish CCC

Board members of a Polish sp. z o.o. are personally liable for company debts. When liability arises and what defenses are available.

Business Law

Hiring Foreigners in Poland — Work Permits, Blue Card, and Pitfalls

Hiring a foreigner requires a work permit or EU Blue Card. A practical guide to procedures and common mistakes.

Disputes

UOKiK Proceedings — Dawn Raids, Penalties, and Defense Strategies

Poland's antitrust authority can impose fines up to 10% of turnover. How to prepare for dawn raids and defend your business effectively.

Business Law

Distribution Agreement — Exclusivity, VBER, and Brand Protection

A distribution agreement governs the producer-distributor relationship. Exclusivity clauses, VBER restrictions, and goodwill indemnity rights.

Disputes

Arbitration Clauses in B2B Contracts — What You Need to Know

An arbitration clause determines how disputes will be resolved. How to draft it correctly and avoid pathological clauses.

Business Law

Legal Due Diligence — What to Check Before an M&A Transaction

Legal due diligence is the foundation of every M&A transaction. Key areas of review, red flags, and the difference between buyer and vendor DD.

Disputes

Commercial Mediation — A Faster and Cheaper Alternative to Litigation

Commercial mediation resolves disputes in weeks instead of years. A mediated settlement has the force of a court judgment once approved.

Business Law

Remote Work Policy — Employer Obligations Under the Amended Labor Code

The 2023 amendment to the Polish Labor Code formalized remote work. What employers must do and how to prepare a remote work policy.

Disputes

Interim Measures — Securing Your Claims Before Final Judgment

Interim measures protect your interests before final judgment. When Polish courts grant them and how to prepare an effective application.

Business Law

NDA — How to Effectively Protect Confidential Information

A confidentiality agreement is the foundation of every B2B relationship. Key clauses, types of NDAs, and common drafting mistakes.

Disputes

Payment Order Proceedings — How to Challenge a Court Order

Received a payment order from a Polish court? You have 14 days to respond. A practical guide to challenging court orders in summary proceedings.

Regulations

MiCA 2025 — What Every Fintech Needs to Know

The MiCA Regulation is now fully applicable. An overview of the key obligations for crypto-asset service providers.

Startup

Fractional GC — Does Your Startup Need a Legal Director?

The Fractional General Counsel model is gaining popularity among startups. When to consider it and how it works.

Fintech

PSD3 and PSR — Revolution in European Payments

The European Commission proposed PSD3 and PSR. Key changes for payment institutions and fintechs.

GDPR

GDPR and Third-Country Data Transfers After Schrems III

New CJEU case law forces a review of data transfer mechanisms. A practical guide for cross-border operations.